Обучающие файлы зарубежных университетов. Университет Канзаса. Изображения. Голова, головной мозг. Спинной мозг. ЦНС.+

by Richard M. Berger, MD and Steven Langer, PhD

Mayo Foundation for Education and Research Copyright 1995, 1996

Neoplastic

• Acoustic schwannoma
• Arachnoid cyst
• Arachnoid cyst w/ Dandy-Walker
• Arachnoid cyst of the velum interpositum
• Brainstem astrocytoma
• Brainstem astrocytoma
• CNS lymphoma
• CNS lymphoma
• Choroid plexus papilloma
• Colloid cyst
• Craniopharyngioma
• Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor
• Epidermoid
• Ganglioglioma
• Germinoma
• Glioblastoma multiforme
• Glioblastoma multiforme
• Glial hamartoma
• Gliomatosis
• Gliosarcoma
• Grade III astrocytoma
• Grade III astrocytoma
• Grade III astrocytoma
• Hemangioblastoma
• High grade astrocytoma
• Intraventricular meningioma
• Intraparenchymal cyst
• Invasive pituitary macroadenoma
• Langerhans cell histiocytosis
• Lhermitte-Duclos disease
• MALT lymphoma
• Melanoma metastasis
• Meningeal neuroectodermal carcinomatosis
• Meningioma
• Meningioma
• Meningioma
• Metastatic lung larcinoma
• Metastatic lung carcinoma
• Meningeal neuroectodermal carcinomatosis
• Neurosarcoid
• Oligodendroglioma
• Oligodendroglioma
• Oligodendroglioma
• Pilocytic astrocytoma w/ NF1
• Pineal cyst
• Pineal mass
• Pineal epidermoid
• Pituitary stalk histiocytosis
• Pontine astrocytoma
• Ruptured dermoid
• Small cell lung carcinoma metastases
• Suprasellar dermoid
• Teratoma
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Vermian astrocytoma

Infectious

• Calvarial TB osteomyelitis
• Cerebral abscess
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Herpes encephalitis
• HIV encephalopathy
• Nocardia asteroides abscesses
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
• Streptocoocal meningitis
• Toxoplasmosis

Congenital/Developmental

• 3rd ventricle cavernous hemangioma
• Adrenoleukodystrophy
• Arachnoid cyst
• Arachnoid cyst w/ Dandy-Walker
• Arachnoid cyst of the velum interpositum
• Band heterotopia
• Callosal agenesis
• Chiari I malformation
• Chiari I malformation
• Chiari II malformation
• Congenital cerebellar hypoplasia
• Coup de sabre syndrome
• Cortical dysplasia
• Dandy Walker complex
• Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor
• Ectopic posterior pituitary
• Epidermoid
• Glial hamartoma
• Leigh's disease
• Lissencephaly
• Neurofibromatosis type I
• Pilocytic astrocytoma w/ NF1
• Ruptured dermoid
• Schizencephaly
• Sturge-Weber syndrome
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Tuberous sclerosis
• Trigeminal artery

Demyelinating/Inflammatory

• Adrenoleukodystrophy
• Central pontine myelinolysis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Neurosarcoid
• Neurosarcoid
• Neurosarcoidosis
• Tumefactive multiple sclerosis
• Tumefactive multiple sclerosis

Metabolic/Toxic

• Adrenoleukodystrophy
• Leigh's disease

Traumatic

• Bifrontal lobotomy
• Shear injury of the medulla
• Subdural hematoma

Vascular

• 3rd ventricle cavernous hemangioma
• ACA aneurysm
• AVM
• AICA aneurysm
• Basilar tip aneurysm
• Basilar thrombosis
• Bifrontal hemorrhage
• CADASIL
• Cavernous hemangioma
• Cavernous ICA aneurysm
• Cerebral hematoma
• Coup de sabre syndrome
• Dural AVM
• Dural sinus thrombosis
• Hypertrophic olivary degeneration
• ICA aneurysm
• Infarct
• Intraventricular hemorrhage
• MCA aneurysm & infarct
• Neurofibromatosis type I
• Pontine infarct
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage
• Subdural hematoma
• Thrombosed thalamic AVM
• Trigeminal artery
• Venous thrombosis & infarcts
• Vasculitis & infarcts
• Vein of Galen malformation

Degenerative

• Autosomal dominant cerebellar degeneration
• Idiopathic cerebellar degeneration

 Brain Findings

• Brain Stem Mass
  1. Grade III astrocytoma
  2. Pilocytic astrocytoma w/ NF1
• Callosal A/dysgenesis
  1. Arachnoid cyst w/ Dandy-Walker
  2. Callosal agenesis
  3. Cortical dysplasia
  4. Dandy Walker complex
  5. Schizencephaly
• Calvarial Mass
  1. Breast carcinoma metastases
  2. Renal cell metastasis
  3. TB Osteomyelitis
• Carotid-Basilar Anastomosis
  1. Trigeminal artery
• Cerebellar Atrophy
  1. Autosomal dominant cerebellar degeneration
  2. Congenital cerebellar hypoplasia
  3. Idiopathic cerebellar degeneration
• Cisternal Effacement
  1. Streptococcal meningitis
• Colpocephaly
  1. Callosal agenesis
• CP Angle Mass
  1. Acoustic schwannoma
  2. AICA aneurysm
• Decreased Gray & White Matter Attenuation
  1. Infarct
• Decreased White Matter Attenuation
  1. Bifrontal lobotomy
• Delta Sign
  1. Dural sinus thrombosis
• Dural Enhancement
  1. Chronic meningitis
  2. Meningioma
  3. Pagets disease
  4. Subdural hematoma
  5. TB Meningitis
• Enlarged Choroid Plexus
  1. Sturge-Weber syndrome
• Ependymal Enhancement
  1. CNS lymphoma
  2. Neurosarcoidosis
  3. Neurosarcoidosis
• Flow Voids
  1. Dural AVF
  2. Pial AVM
• Gray matter heterotopia
  1. Band heterotopia
  2. Cortical dysplasia
  3. Schizencephaly
• High Riding 3rd Ventricle
  1. Callosal agenesis
  2. Dandy Walker complex
• Hypertrophic Olives
  1. Hypertrophic olivary degeneration
• Increased Basal Ganglia T2 Signal
  1. Leigh's disease
• Increased Cortical T2 Signal
  1. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Increased Gray & White Matter T2 Signal
  1. Basilar thrombosis
  2. CADASIL
  3. Central pontine myelinolysis
  4. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor
  5. Glioblastoma multiforme
  6. Glial hamartoma
  7. Grade III astrocytoma
  8. Grade III astrocytoma
  9. Grade III astrocytoma
  10. Herpes encephalitis
  11. MCA aneurysm & infarct
  12. Oligodendroglioma
  13. Pontine infarct
  14. Shear injury of the medulla
  15. Vasculitis with multiple infarcts
• Increased White Matter T2 Signal
  1. Adrenoleukodystrophy
  2. CNS lymphoma
  3. CNS lymphoma
  4. Coup de sabre syndrome
  5. Glioblastoma multiforme
  6. Glioblastoma multiforme
  7. Gliomatosis
  8. Grade III astrocytoma
  9. HIV
  10. HIV encephalopathy
  11. Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  12. Leigh's disease
  13. Meningioma
  14. Metastatic lung carcinoma
  15. Multiple sclerosis
  16. Multiple sclerosis
  17. Multiple sclerosis
  18. Multiple sclerosis
  19. Multiple sclerosis
  20. Neurosarcoidosis
  21. Oligodendroglioma
  22. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  23. Tuberous sclerosis
  24. Tuberous sclerosis
  25. Tuberous sclerosis
  26. Tumefactive multiple sclerosis
  27. Tumefactive multiple sclerosis
• Infundibular Stalk Thickening
  1. Neurosarcoidosis
  2. Neurosarcoidosis
  3. Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  4. Langerhans cell histiocytosis
• Intracranial Calcification
  1. 3rd ventricle cavernous hemangioma
  2. Coup de sabre syndrome
  3. Oligodendroglioma
  4. Teratoma
  5. Tuberous sclerosis
  6. Tuberous sclerosis
  7. Vein of Galen malformation
• Intracranial Fat
  1. Ruptured dermoid
  2. Suprasellar dermoid
• Intraventricular Hemorrhage
  1. 3rd ventricle cavernous hemangioma
  2. Intraventricular hemorrhage
  3. Venous thrombosis & infarcts
• Intraventricular Mass
  1. Intraventricular hemorrhage
  2. Intraventricular meningioma
  3. Tuberous sclerosis
  4. Tuberous sclerosis
  5. Tuberous sclerosis
• Intracerebral Hemorrhage
  1. Bifrontal hemorrhage
  2. Cavernous hemangioma
  3. Cerebral hematoma
  4. Intraventricular hemorrhage
  5. Melanoma metastasis
  6. Neurofibromatosis I
  7. Thrombosed thalamic AVM
  8. Venous thrombosis
• Leptomeningeal Enhancement
  1. Neurosarcoidosis
  2. Meningeal neuroectodermal carcinomatosis
  3. Neurosarcoidosis
  4. Streptococcal meningitis
• Midline Callosal Mass
  1. CNS lymphoma
  2. CNS lymphoma
• Migrational Anomaly
  1. Band heterotopia
  2. Cortical dysplasia
  3. Lissencephaly
  4. Schizencephaly
• Multifocal, Non-ring Enhancement
  1. Coup de sabre syndrome
  2. Neurosarcoidosis
  3. Small cell lung carcinoma metastases
  4. Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  5. TB meningitis
  6. Vasculitis
• Parasellar Mass
  1. Cavernous ICA aneurysm
  2. ICA aneurysm
  3. Meningioma
• Parallel Lateral Ventricles
  1. Callosal agenesis
  2. Dandy Walker complex
• Pial Enhancement
  1. Herpes encephalitis
  2. Sturge-Weber syndrome
• Pineal Mass
  1. Epidermoid
  2. Pineal cyst
  3. Pineal mass
  4. Teratoma
• Posterior Fossa Mass
  1. Acoustic schwannoma
  2. AICA aneurysm
  3. Basilar tip aneurysm
  4. Brainstem astrocytoma
  5. Brainstem astrocytoma
  6. Choroid plexus papilloma
  7. Epidermoid
  8. Grade III astrocytoma
  9. Grade III astrocytoma
  10. Grade III astrocytoma
  11. Hemangioblastoma
  12. Lhermitte-Duclos disease
  13. Vermian astrocytoma
• Posterior Fossa Cystic Mass
  1. Arachnoid cyst w/ Dandy-Walker
  2. Dandy Walker complex
  3. Hemangioblastoma
• Ring Enhancement- Multiple
  1. Gliosarcoma
  2. Nocardia asteroides abscesses
  3. Metastatic lung carcinoma
  4. Multiple sclerosis
  5. Multiple sclerosis
  6. Toxoplasmosis
• Ring Enhancement- Single
  1. Cerebral abscess
  2. Glioblastoma multiforme
  3. Glioblastoma multiforme
  4. Grade III astrocytoma
  5. Invasive pituitary macroadenoma
  6. Metastatic lung carcinoma
  7. Toxoplasmosis
  8. Tumefactive multiple sclerosis
  9. Tumefactive multiple sclerosis
• Sellar/Suprasellar Mass
  1. ACA aneurysm
  2. Craniopharyngioma
  3. Ectopic posterior pituitary
  4. Germinoma
  5. Invasive pituitary macroadenoma
  6. Metastatic lung carcinoma
  7. Suprasellar dermoid
• Small Posterior Fossa
  1. Chiari II malformation
• Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  1. ICA aneurysm
  2. Neurofibromatosis I
• Subdural Hemorrhage
  1. Bifrontal hemorrhage
  2. Subdural hematoma
  3. Venous thrombosis
• Subdural Soft Tissue
  1. MALT lymphoma
• Subependymal Nodules
  1. Cortical dysplasia
  2. Tuberous sclerosis
  3. Schizencephaly
• Supratentorial Mass
  1. 3rd ventricle cavernous hemangioma
  2. Arachnoid cyst
  3. Arachnoid cyst w/ Dandy-Walker
  4. Bifrontal hemorrhage
  5. Cerebral abscess
  6. Cerebral hematoma
  7. CNS lymphoma
  8. CNS lymphoma
  9. Ganglioglioma
  10. Glioblastoma multiforme
  11. Glioblastoma multiforme
  12. Gliosarcoma
  13. Grade III astrocytoma
  14. Grade III astrocytoma
  15. Grade III astrocytoma
  16. Grade III astrocytoma
  17. Intraparenchymal cyst
  18. MCA aneurysm & infarct
  19. MALT lymphoma
  20. Melanoma metastasis
  21. Meningioma
  22. Meningioma
  23. Meningioma
  24. Metastatic lung carcinoma
  25. Neurosarcoid
  26. Oligodendroglioma
  27. Oligodendroglioma
  28. Oligodendroglioma
  29. Pial AVM
  30. Ruptured dermoid
  31. Subdural hematoma
  32. Tuberous sclerosis
  33. Tuberous sclerosis
  34. Vein of Galen malformation
• Third Ventricular Mass
  1. 3rd ventricle cavernous hemangioma
  2. Choroid plexus papilloma
  3. Colloid Cyst
  4. Pineal cyst
  5. Pineal epidermoid
  6. Pineal mass
  7. Teratoma
  8. Vein of Galen malformation
  9. Arachnoid cyst of the velum interpositum
• Tonsillar Ectopia
  1. Chiari I malformation
  2. Chiari I malformation
  3. Chiari II malformation 

 Degenerative

• Alkaptonuria
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• C6-7 herniated disk
• Calcified disk fragment
• Epidural fibrosis
• L5-S1 herniated disc
• Lateral disk herniation
• Lateral lumbar HNP
• Thoracic HNP
• Spinal stenosis
• Synovial cyst
• Synovial cyst

Neoplastic

• Cervical schwannoma
• Filum ependymoma
• Liposarcoma
• Lumbar ependymoma
• Meningioma
• Meningioma
• Meningioma
• Meningeal neuroectodermal carcinomatosis
• Metastatic adenocarcinoma
• Metastatic lung Carcinoma

Infectious

• Aspergillis discitis
• Brucellosis discitis
• Spondylitis
• Staphylococcal discitis
• Staphyloccocal discitis
• Transverse myelitis
• Tuberculous spondylitis

Congenital/Developmental

• Chiari I malformation and syrinx
• Lipomyelomeningocele
• Lipomyelomeningocele
• Lipomyelomeningocele
• Thoracic arachnoid cyst

Demyelinating/Inflammatory

• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Vitamin B12 deficiency

Metabolic/Toxic

• Alkaptonuria
• Vitamin B12 deficiency

Traumatic

• Cervical spine fracture
• Upper rib fractures

Vascular

• Cavernous hemangioma
• Intramedullary spinal AVM
• Type IV spinal AVM

 Spine Findings

• Calcified Intervertebral Disks
  1. Alkaptonuria
• Chemical Shift Artifact
  1. Lipomyelomeningocele
  2. Lipomyelomeningocele
• Cord Atrophy
  1. Thoracic arachnoid cyst
• Cord Enhancement
  1. Multiple sclerosis
  2. Transverse myelitis
• Dural Ectasia
  1. Ankylosing spondylitis
• Extradural Mass
  1. Aspergillis discitis
  2. Brucellosis discitis
  3. C6-7 herniated disk
  4. Calcified disk fragment
  5. Epidural fibrosis
  6. L5-S1 herniated disc
  7. Lateral lumbar HNP
  8. Lipomyelomeningocele
  9. Lipomyelomeningocele
  10. Lipomyelomeningocele
  11. Meningioma
  12. Meningioma
  13. Staphylococcal discitis
  14. Staphylococcal discitis
  15. Synovial cyst
  16. Thoracic HNP
  17. Tuberculous spondylitis
• Filum Mass
  1. Ependymoma
  2. Ependymoma
• Flow Voids
  1. Intramedullary spinal AVM
  2. Type IV spinal AVM
• Gibbus Deformity
  1. Spondylitis
  2. Tuberculous spondylitis
• Intramedullary Mass
  1. Cavernous hemangioma
  2. Intramedullary spinal AVM
  3. Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma
• Intradural/Extramedullary Mass
  1. Cervical schwannoma
  2. Meningioma
  3. Thoracic arachnoid cyst
  4. Type IV spinal AVM
• Increased Cord T2 Signal
  1. Cervical spine fracture
  2. Chiari I malformation and syrinx
  3. Chiari I malformation
  4. Multiple sclerosis
  5. Meningeal neuroectodermal carcinomatosis
  6. Multiple sclerosis
  7. Transverse myelitis
  8. Intramedullary spinal AVM
  9. Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Leptomeningeal Enhancement
  1. Meningeal neuroectodermal carcinomatosis
• Loss of Disc Height
  1. Staphylococcal discitis
• Nerve Root Enlargement
  1. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
• Paraspinal Mass
  1. Lateral disk herniation
  2. Liposarcoma
  3. Spondylitis
• Rib Fractures
  1. Upper rib fractures
• Sacral Mass
  1. Metastatic adenocarcinoma
• Spondylosis
  1. Alkaptonuria
  2. Ankylosing spondylitis
  3. Spinal stenosis
• Synovial Mass
  1. Synovial cyst
  2. Synovial cyst

 Neoplastic

• Acinic cell carcinoma
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma
• Bilateral cholesterol granulomas
• Breast carcinoma metastases
• Breast carcinoma metastases
• Choroidal metastasis
• Clival chordoma
• Dentigerous cyst
• EAC squamous cell carcinoma
• Esthesioneuroblastoma
• Glomus vagale
• Glomus jugulare tympanicum tumor
• Inverting papilloma & SCCA
• Juvenile nasal angiofibroma
• Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
• Meningioma
• Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
• Nasolacrimal squamous cell carcinoma
• Ocular melanocytoma
• Optic Nerve Glioma
• Optic nerve meningioma
• Optic nerve sheath meningioma
• Orbital lymphoma
• Orbital lymphangioma
• Papillary thyroid carcinoma
• Pleomorphic adenoma
• Plexiform neurofibroma
• Renal cell metastasis
• Sphenoid mucocele
• Tongue base hemangioma
• Warthin's tumor

Infectious

• Bell's palsy
• Bell's palsy
• Periorbital cellulitis
• Submandibular abscess
• Trigeminal neuritis
• Viral labyrinthinitis

Congenital/Developmental

• Craniometaphyseal dysplasia
• Fibrous dysplasia
• Orbital lymphangioma
• Plexiform neurofibroma

Idiopathic

• Pagets disease

Inflammatory

• Antral choanal polyp
• Bell's palsy
• Bilateral cholesterol granulomas
• Cholesteatoma
• Cholesteatoma
• Graves ophthalmopathy
• Optic neuritis
• Orbital sarcoidosis
• Sphenoid mucocele
• Sphenoid mucocele
• Tornwaldt cyst
• Wegener granulomatosis

Metabolic/Toxic

Traumatic

• CSF leak
• Orbital blowout fracture
• Retinal and choroidal detachment

Vascular

• Retinal and choroidal detachment
• Vitreous hemorrhage

 Head & Neck Findings

• Bilateral Lacrimal Gland Masses
  1. Wegener granulomatosis
• Calvarial Mass
  1. Breast carcinoma metastases
  2. Breast carcinoma metastases
  3. Renal cell metastasis
  4. TB osteomyelitis
• Calvarial Thickening
  1. Craniometaphyseal dysplasia
  2. Fibrous Dysplasia
  3. Pagets disease
• Cavernous Sinus Mass
  1. Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  2. Plexiform neurofibroma
• Carotid Space Mass
  1. Glomus vagale
• Clival Mass
  1. Clival chordoma
• Cranial Nerve Enhancement
  1. Bell's palsy
  2. Bell's palsy
  3. Meningeal neuroectodermal carcinomatosis
  4. Optic nerve glioma
  5. Optic neuritis
  6. Orbital sarcoidosis
  7. Trigeminal neuritis
  8. Viral labyrinthinitis
• Extraocular Muscle Enlargement
  1. Graves ophthalmopathy
  2. Orbital lymphoma
  3. Plexiform neurofibroma
• Floor of mouth mass
  1. Tongue base hemangioma
• Masticator Space Mass
  1. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
  2. Breast carcinoma metastases
  3. EAC Squamous cell carcinoma
  4. Juvenile nasal angiofibroma
  5. Meningioma
  6. Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  7. Plexiform neurofibroma
• Maxillary Sinus Mass
  1. Dentigerous cyst
  2. Esthesioneuroblastoma
• Medial Canthus Mass
  1. Nasolacrimal squamous cell carcinoma
• Middle Ear Mass
  1. Cholesteatoma
  2. Cholesteatoma
• Nasopharyngeal Mass
  1. Antral choanal polyp
  2. Esthesioneuroblastoma
  3. Inverting papilloma & SCCA
  4. Juvenile nasal angiofibroma
  5. Nasolacrimal squamous cell carcinoma
  6. Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  7. Tornwaldt cyst
• Ocular Mass
  1. Choroidal metastasis
  2. Ocular melanocytoma
  3. Vitreous hemorrhage
• Optic Nerve Enlargement
  1. Optic nerve glioma
  2. Orbital sarcoidosis
• Orbital Inflammation
  1. Orbital lymphoma
  2. Orbital sarcoidosis
• Orbital Mass
  1. Breast carcinoma metastases
  2. Meningioma
  3. Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  4. Nasolacrimal squamous cell carcinoma
  5. Optic nerve glioma
  6. Optic nerve meningioma
  7. Optic nerve sheath meningioma
  8. Orbital lymphangioma
  9. Orbital lymphoma
  10. Orbital Sarcoidosis
  11. Periorbital cellulitis
  12. Plexiform neurofibroma
• Orbital Septum Thickening
  1. Orbital lymphoma
• Parapharyngeal Space Mass
  1. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
  2. Meningioma
• Paranasal Sinus Wall Dehiscence
  1. CSF leak
• Parotid Mass
  1. Acinic cell carcinoma
  2. Warthin's tumor
• Perivertebral Space Mass- Prevertebral
  1. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
  2. Clival chordoma
  3. Meningioma
• Perivertebral Space Mass- Paraspinal
  1. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
• Pharyngeal Mucosal Space Mass
  1. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
  2. Meningioma
  3. Tornwaldt cyst
• Pre-septal Soft Tissue Thickening
  1. Nasolacrimal squamous cell carcinoma
  2. Periorbital cellulitis
  3. EAC squamous cell carcinoma
• Proptosis
  1. Breast carcinoma metastases
  2. Meningioma
  3. Graves ophthalmopathy
  4. Orbital lymphangioma
  5. Periorbital cellulitis
  6. Plexiform neurofibroma
• Pterygopalatine Fossa Mass
  1. Juvenile nasal angiofibroma
  2. Meningioma
• Retropharyngeal Space Mass
  1. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
  2. Meningioma
  Skull Base Mass
  1. Bilateral cholesterol granulomas
  2. Breast carcinoma metastases
  3. Glomus jugulare tympanicum tumor
  4. Meningioma
  5. Glomus vagale
  6. Adenoid cystic carcinoma
• Sphenoid Sinus Mass
  1. Esthesioneuroblastoma
  2. Nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Sphenoid mucocele
• Submandibular Space Mass
  1. Pleomorphic adenoma
  2. Submandibular abscess
• Thyroid Mass
  1. Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Virtual Case Conference

                          

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